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fact checker
A fact checker is the person or organization that checks factual assertions in non-fictional text, either before (''ante hoc'') or after (''post hoc'') the text has been published or otherwise disseminated, in both cases to determine the veracity and correctness of the factual statements in the text. Fact checking before dissemination (ante hoc checking) has been a mainstay of serious publishers of non-fiction since the advent of modern journalism, and aims to remove errors and allow text to proceed to dissemination (or to rejection if it fails confirmations or other criteria). ''Post hoc'' checking most often is followed by a written report of inaccuracies, sometimes with a visual metric from the checking organization (e.g., Pinocchios from the The Washington Post ''Fact Checker,'' or TRUTH-O-METER ratings from PolitiFact). The aim for ''ante hoc'' analyzed text is often external publication or broad distribution within an organizations,; in both types, text may arise as transcripts of public verbal statements. Studies of ''post hoc'' fact checking have made clear that such efforts often result in changes in the behaviour, as speakers and writers become more careful in their statements and of the listeners and readers become more discerning with regard to the factual accuracy of content. As well, the studies have provided an array of nuanced insights relevant to theories of human persuasion.
==Definition and types of fact checking==
Fact checkers are persons or organizations that checks factual assertions in non-fictional text, either before (''ante hoc'') or after (''post hoc'') the text has been published or otherwise disseminated, in both cases to determine the veracity and correctness of the factual statements in the text. The aims for the analyzed texts in question can vary widely, but often they are intended for external publication (e.g., in a periodical), or for distribution broadly within an organization or institution. In the digital era, with the rapid transcriptions possible between audio and text, ''post hoc'' fact checking has been extended to include public verbal statements and interview and other audio sources.
The result of ''ante hoc'' fact checking is most often either corrected text that can proceed to publication or other distribution, or text that is rejected because it fails some confirmations (fails verification). The result of ''post hoc'' checking is most often a more formal written analysis (e.g., a published column or report) of the deviations from accuracy, sometimes alongside a customized metric unique to the reviewer or organization (e.g., the 1-4 Pinocchios given for decreasing honesty by the The Washington Post ''Fact Checker'' project, the "True" through "Pants on Fire" TRUTH-O-METER ratings from PolitiFact, etc.).〔Amazeen, Michelle (2015) "Monkey Cage: Sometimes political fact-checking works. Sometimes it doesn’t. Here’s what can make the difference.," ''The Washington Post'' (online), June 3, 2015, see (), accessed 27 July 2015.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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